For scientists studying summer sea ice in the Arctic, it’s not a question of “if” there will be nearly ice-free summers, but “when.” And two scientists say that “when” is sooner than many thought — before 2050 and possibly within the next decade or two.

Like finally seeing the gears of a watch and how they work together, all components of an entire telomerase enzyme complex have been positioned into a three-dimensional structure for the first time. This first complete visual map of the telomerase enzyme complex, known to play a significant role in cancer and aging, is a breakthrough from biochemists.

Scientists have revealed the mechanism that causes a slime to form, making bacteria hard to shift and resistant to antibiotics.

Evolution skeptics argue that some biological structures, like the eye, are too complex for natural selection to explain. Biologists have proposed various ways that so-called “irreducibly complex” structures could emerge incrementally over time. But a new study proposes an alternative route.

Large helpers (nannies) in a cichlid fish allow the dominant male and female to reduce their personal contribution to their offspring and territory, according to new research.

Directly removing carbon dioxide from the air has the potential to alter the costs of climate change mitigation. It could allow prolonging greenhouse-gas emissions from sectors like transport that are difficult, thus expensive, to turn away from using fossil fuels. And it may help to constrain the financial burden on future generations, a new study shows.