by Jean-Louis Arcand, Enrico Berkes and Ugo Panizza
This paper examines whether there is a threshold above which financial development no longer has a positive effect on economic growth. We use different empirical approaches to show that there can indeed be “too much” finance. In particular, our results suggest that finance starts having a negative effect on output growth when credit to the private sector reaches 100% of GDP. We show that our results are consistent with the “vanishing effect” of financial development and that they are not driven by output volatility, banking crises, low institutional quality, or by differences in bank regulation and supervision.
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More invaluable advice from Robert A. G. Monks, analyzing the new breed of dysfunctional “drone corporations.” He calls out the most influential trustees of pension funds, endowments, and foundations by name to take responsibility. A must read by asset managers and trustees worldwide.